Conduit system



Nov. 10, 1953 E. w. KAISER 2,658,527

CONDUIT SYSTEM Original Filed Nov. 22, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet l E. W.KAISER CONDUIT SYSTEM Nov. 10, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Nov.22, 1943 Patented Nov. 10, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CONDUITSYSTEM Edward W. Kaiser, Chicago, Ill. Original application November22,1943, Serial No. 511,366. Divided and this application septembel' 4,1948, Serial No. 47,851

14 Claims. 1

This invention relates to improvements in housed and/or jacketed conduitsystems, and is a division of my co-pending patent application, SerialNo. 511,366, filed November 22, 1943, Patent No. 2,570,246.

An object of the invention is to provide a housed and/or jacketed pipesystem for conducting fluids, gases, or liquids of all kinds, as well asviscous products, from a supply source to points of use, and retainingsuch matters in proper and totally enectual and fiowable form during andthroughout the entire period or periods of such conduction.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a conduit system of thestated character for conducting and distributing different matters, thesame being entirely efficient and amply strong to restrain and guide theinner pipe, without detrimental lateral deflection, while and as it issubjected to operating pressure and torsional or similar stresses, andexpansion or contraction movement, all within the system casing.

Yet another object of the invention is to pro vide a conduit systemwherein the casing or jack eting members thereof are constructed andassembled in a manner which will so support the inner pipe or pipe linetherein as to permit un impeded and reasonably free longitudinal movement of the latter with relation to the former, in order to compensatefor expansion or contrac tion of said inner pipe; moreover, permit ofconvenient and effectual installation of the inner pipe in the laidcasing or jacket members, and/or its removal therefrom for inspection,repair, re--- placement, etc. (in part or in whole), all with a minimumexpenditure of labor and time.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a conduit systemso constructed and assembled that an inner pipe or pipe line housed bythe casing or jacketing member or line will be allowed to move or bemoved longitudinally (in either direction) and/or rotated or partiallyrotated. about its longitudinal axis, and at the same time, firmly andstrongly supported in spaced relation, throughout its length, to thewalls of the casing or jacketing member or line,

Furthermore, the invention aims to provide a conduit system wherein theinterconnected casing or jacketing members thereof will be materiallyreinforced by the inner pipe members or line, particularly, because ofthe means for and the manner in which said inner pipe members or lineare supported Within the casing or jacketing members; plus the abilityof the pipe members or line to remain efiectually operatively supportedZ in the casings or jackets even should they fail at points throughouttheir lengths, as by fracture, etc.

Another equally important object of my invention resides in theprovision of a conduit system in which casing or jacketing lines and theinner pipe line housed thereby are so arranged and operatively relatedas to effect and ensure the forming and constant maintenance of a clearand over-all unimpeded, unobstructed flow-way therebetween entirelythroughout the length of the system, interpositioned fittings, joints,valves, branches, etc., notwithstanding.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide an integrated conduitsystem, one which, be-

cause of the construction and arrangement of the component partsthereof,- is bodily self-sustaming and operatively self sufficient andcom'- plete within itself and will not require external drainage,special supports, and/or foundation's.

A further and important desideratum of the invention resides inproviding the system with a novel and highly advantageous means foranshoring the inner pipe line, at spaced points throughout its length,to adjacent portions of the casing or jacketlng line whereby to eflectually control the extent of expansion and/or contraction longitudinalmovement of said pipe line in and with relation to said casing orjacketing line, such anchoring means being made a sub"- stantiallyintegral and a strictly self contained part of the system and beingconfined entirely within the casing or jacketing line or portions of thesame, in sharp contradistinction to those forms of anchors which aredependent for successful operation on outside connection, 1. e.,connection with pre pre'pared bases, beds, etc., outwardly of and beyonda casing or jacketing line.

The foregoing, as well as other objects, advantages, and meritoriousteachings of my invention, will be in part obvious and in part pointedout in the following detailed disclosure thereof, when taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, it being understood that theforms of the invention presented herein are precise and what are nowconsidered to be the best modes branches, etc., therein, wherebyinstallation di rectional flexibility of the system may be attained.

Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary side view, with parts in section,illustrating the construction and assembly of the jackets or casings andinner pipes of the system, the jacket fittings, the spacers whichmovably support the inner pipes within and in spaced relation to thewalls of the jackets and the jacket fittings, and the pipe anchorplates.

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2,looking in the direction in which the arrows point, showing one of thespacers and its construction and operative position between the jacketand inner pipe.

Figure 4 is a transverse section taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 2,looking in the direction in which the arrows point, showing one of thepipe anchor plates and its construction and operative position betweenthe jacket and inner pipe.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through a portion of andillustrating a modified form of my conduit system, i. e., a conduitconstruction generally consisting of an encased or housed and relativelyspaced heat insulated pipe; the adjacent ends of the casing being shownspaced preparatory to completing jointure of the pipe section ends.

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5, in which the joined ends of thepipe sections are bridged or covered by a heat insulating sleeve, i. e.,a body of form sustaining heat insulation,

Figure '7 is a transverse section taken on the line I? of Figure 6,looking in the direction in which the arrows point.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of a portion of themodified form of my invention, showing the heat insulated pipe of theconduit system within the system jacket, and the jacket, and the jacketsections in closed and endwise interconnected position, plus theoperative arrangement of one spacer for movably supporting the pipe andits insulating sleeves in lengthwise spaced relation to the systemjacket, and

Figure 9 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through a portion of thejacketed conduit system, showing the manner in which the inner pipes orline will be firmly and securely supported within the jacketirrespective of a breakdown of a portion of such jacket; furthermore,

how the supported portion of the pipe line bridging the jacket breakwill actually reinforce said jacket at and beyond the point of break,and so, avoid complete failure until such time as proper repair iseffected.

Referring in detail to my invention and to the drawings illustrating thesame, with particular reference to the form of invention shown in theFigures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 9, constituting that which I term a jacketedconduit system, said system, generally, comprises a jacket lineconsisting of a plurality of jacket sections I of appropriate lengthsand diameters, flanged at their opposite ends, as at 2, whereby they maybe fixedly endwise interconnected in the manner shown in Figures 1 and2, by passing bolts 3 through the juxtaposed flanges 2, between which,if desired, suitable gaskets 4 may be interposed for obvious reasons.

Different and predetermined directional laying or installation of ajacket line composed of the jacket sections I, is effected byinterpositioned different or required types of joint fittings betweensaid jacket sections. In the exemplary showing of Figure 1 of theaccompanying drawings, I have shown the use of a number of differenttypes of joint fittings, i. e., T joint fittings 5, L joint fittings 6,and 45 L fittings 1. Of course, still other and known types of anglejoint fittings, as well as couplings or fitting sleeves may be used asand when required, for particular directional installation of thejackets I.

While the joint fittings 5, 6 and I are, generally, of formation designsheretofore known in the art, I here call attention to the fact that theyare of an improved construction, and so, constitute important componentparts of my invention.

The T joint fittings 5, of complemental construction, comprise likecross-sectional semi-circularly shaped sections flanged along theirsides at 5' and having coupling flanges 5a on the ends of theirrespective branches. These sections are matchingly placed together, andconstitute crosssectionally circular fittings, the inside diameters ofwhich substantially correspond to the inside diameters of the jacketsections I between which they are interposed, as well shown in Figure 2of the drawings. Bolts 8 are engaged through complemental openings inthe flanges 5' and securely join the fitting sections. Other bolts 9 areengaged through openings in the coupling flanges 5a and serve to connectthe medially divided fitting sections 5 to the adjacent flanged ends 2of the jacket sections I. Gaskets or packings 4', like those aboveidentified at 4, may be arranged between the juxtaposed fitting sectionflanges 5', and the coupling flanges 5a and the jacket section flanges2, for an obvious purpose.

The sectional or longitudinally divided T joint fittings 5 can be variedin their relative arrangement or placement in a jacket line. As shown inFigure 2, two or more may be arranged in adjacent interconnectedpositions whereby to attain certain directional dispositions of thejacket section I joined thereby.

The joint fittings 6 and I, are constructed to be like the fittings 5,i. e., they are composed of medially and longitudinally dividedcross-sectionally semi-circular sections flanged along their sides forconnection b bolts, and having coupling flanges on their respectiveends, in order that they can be effectually bolted or otherwiseconnected to the adjacent flanged ends 2 of the jacket sections Ibetween which they are interposed (see Figure 1), or otherwise arranged.

The sectional construction of the joint fittings 5, 6 and I, in additionto providing a most satisfactory method of joining the jacket sections Iof a jacket line, also, permits convenient and ready access to be had tothe interiors thereof merely by removing the connecting bolts 8 and 9from the flanges of one of the complementally formed sections, whereuponthe freed section can be lifted. Since the other section of this fittingwill remain intact with the jacket sections, etc., the efliciency and/orsecurity of the joint will not in any way whatsoever be disturbed, andtherefore, the jacket line will remain unitary.

Branch pipes I0 are connected to and communicate with the interiors ofcertain of the jacket sections at appropriate intervals throughout thelength or area of the jacket line, serving as outlet ways for heating orrefrigerating mediums in those types of jacketed conduit systems wheresuch mediums are flowed through the jacket line, or for air,condensation or gas relief, in other types of installations.

An inner pipe line i provided within and extends longitudinallythroughout the line consti- 5 tuted by the jacket sections I, abovedescribed. Said inner pipe line consists of a plurality :of .endwisedisposed sections, generally identified by the numeral II, ofappropriate lengths and diameters. In order to facilitate connectionand/or disconnection of the ends of the pipe sections or for otheraccess thereto, it is preferable that said sections shall be of lengthssubstantially corresponding to or in some instances, somewhat greaterthan those of the jacket sections I receiving the same.

Connection between the adjacent ends of the pipe sections II can beefiected in various ways Well known in the art. In the illustratedembodiment of the invention, these pipe ends are shown connected bywelding, as at 12. Other connections between certain of the adjacentends of the pipe sections may be and are made by joint fittings. Inparticular, where the pipe line is extended through the branches of ajacket section T joint fitting 5 (see Figure 2), a T joint fittin I3 isinterposed in aligned relation between the juxtaposed ends of the pipesections II within said fitting 5, and is connected, by welding I2thereto. Different types of pipe joint fittings corresponding to theparticular type of jacket section I joint fittings 5, 5, I, etc., inwhich they are placed, may be used, i. e., the pipe T joint fitting I3will be used in the jacket section T joint fitting 5, while a 90 L pipejoint fitting will be used in the jacket section L fitting 6, and a 45 Lpipe joint fitting will be used in the jacket section L fitting I, etc.;all as clearly indicated in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.

The outside diameters of the inner pipe sections II and the jointfittings employed to interconnect the same, are less than the insidediameters of the jacket sections I joint fittings 5, 6 and 1. Therefore,it will be seen and appreciated that when such pipe joint fittings arearranged Within a acket line constituted b said sections I and fittings'5, 6 and I, a continuous space or flow-way will be effectedtherebetween, as hereinafter more fully described.

To support the inner pipe line consisting of the pipe sections II andjoint fittings I3, within the jacket line, consisting of the jacketsections I and the joint fittings 5, 6 and 'I, in spaced relation to thelatter entirely throughout their respective lengths, and to allow saidinner pipe line or portions of the same to move or to be movedlongitudinally in either direction and/or to rotate or partially rotateabout their longitudinal axes within said jacket line, I engage spacersor supporting devices I4, constructed of strong and durable metal orother suitable material, over and about the sections I I of the pipeline at predetermined and spaced points throughout its length. Anynumber of these spacers may be employed, such as conditions orpreference may dictate and as hereinafter indicated.

Each of the spacers l4 comprise an annular collar-like body I5 providedon its outer peripheral surface with fixed relatively spaced radiallydisposed legs It having feet I! preferably integral with their outerfree ends.

It is desirable that the diameter of the collarlike body I5 shall besomewhat greater than the outside diameter of the inner pipe sectionsII, whereby when engaged thereover and thereabout, said body will beannularly spaced from the adjacent portion of an inner pipe section (seeFigure 3). Jack-screws I8 are engaged through suitable screw-threadedopenings formed in the body I5 in substantially equi-spaced relation.

The screws are turned inwardly into engagement with portions of theadjacent pipe section I], thereby immovably connecting the spacer to thesame. By adequate adjustment of the jackscrews I8, the body I5 of thespacer will be fixed in .annularly spaced relation to the pipe sectionII as above described. Tihus, heat or cold transmission between thejacket sections I and the pipe sections .I l,via the spacer M, will bereduced to minimum.

If desired, toes Ila, formed of lead or similar material, are inset inthe feet I! of the spacer legs IB and serve to reduce friction betweensaid feet and adjacent portions of the inner periphery of the jacketsection II upon longitudinal or transverse movement of the inner pipe II and the spacer I l.

As hereinbefore stated, under certain conditions of use or operation ofthe improved jacket conduit system, the inner pipe line, composed of thesections II, will move or shift longitudinally in either direction inthe jacket line receiving the same, i. e., by expansion or contractionof the inner pipe line through the transmission thereto of heat or coldof different temperatures. It is essential that the extent of thislongitudinal movement shall be controlled and/or limited. To effectsuch, I mount anchors I9 on the sections I l of the inner pipe line atpredetermined points throughout its length, in the manner presentlydescribed.

The anchors I3 are of complemental construction. Each comprises acircular plate, preferably of steel of suitable gauge, having asubstantially circular opening formed centrally of the same, adapted torather snugly receive a pipe section II therethrough. Other openings orports Zll, of appropriate size and shape, are formed in the anchor plateoutwardly of its pipe section receiving central opening, andparticularly, in those portions of said plate which transversely spanthe space (flow-way) between the outer periphery of the inner pipe IIand the inner periphery of the jacket I.

The anchor plates I9 are positioned transversely of certain of theadjacent and flanged ends 2 of the jacket sections I, and have theirrespective outer portions (beyond the outer peripheries of said sectionsI) flatly engaged between the jacket section end jointure effectingflanges 2. Thereupon, the anchor plate I9 and the flanges 2 are securelyinterconnected by bolts 3 passed through said flanges, as heretoforedescribed, and through appropriate openings in the anchor plate. And asabove stated, gaskets or packings 4 may be arranged between the jacketsection flanges 2 and adjacent portions of the anchor plate, to ensurefluid-tight jointure.

Permanent and positive connection between the anchor plate I9 and theinner pipe section I I is made, preferably, by welding, as at 2 I.

Anchor plates L9, as above, are arranged in the jacket sections I of thejacket line at appropriate intervals of from fifty feet to upwards ofthree hundred feet, throughout the length of said jacket line, while toafiord sufiicient compensation and/or relief for longitudinal movement(expansion and/or contraction) of the inner pipe sections it of theinner pipe line in the jacket line of the system, suitable and knowntypes of expansion joints, as for example, a bellows type of expansionjoint indicated at iii, are arranged or interposed in said inner pipelin at desirable points throughout its length. Of course, diiferenttypes of expansion joints, all well known in the '7 art, may besubstituted for the, or some of the bellows type expansion joints !9, asmay be desired. In consequence, the extent of longitudinal expansionand/or contraction of the inner pipe line (the interconnected inner pipesections H) between the installed anchor plates [9, will be effectuallycontrolled in that longitudinal movement of the pipes II will beresisted at their various points of anchorage to the jacket line (jacketsections 1) by means of said anchor plates. However, those portions orlengths of the inner pipe line between the above referred to points ofanchorage thereof will be allowed sufficient longitudinal expansionand/or contraction to prevent their detrimental distortion orfracturing. Furthermore, because of the openings or ports 20 formed inthose portions of the anchor plates l9 which span the flow-Way betweenthe jacket sections I and the inner pipe sections 1 I, it is manifestthat said flow-way will not be obstructed, and so, will permit theunimpeded flow of fluid, etc., throughout the same.

While I have hereinbefore described. the anchor plate or lates [9 asfunctioning to effect control of the extent of longitudinal movement ofthe inner pipe line or inner pipe sections, as through expansion orcontraction of the same, it is to be understood that said plates willalso equally well serve to limit or control the extent of longitudinalmovement of the jacket line or jacket sections I with relation to thepipe line or pipe sections ll, especially, in those instances where thejacket sections I will expand or contract by the transmission of hightemperatures thereto from fluids, liquids, etc., passing through theaforesaid flowway, in contradistinction to the passage of hightemperature fluids or liquids through the inner pipe line or inner pipesections l l.

The anchor plates is, under certain conditions, may be and preferablyare interpositioned between adjacent or meeting ends of the jacketsections I and the jacket section joint fittings, 5, 6 and I. In point,reference is made to Fig. 2, which shows the positioning of anchorplates l9 between the flanged ends 2 or" jacket sections I and theflanged ends of the longitudinally and medially divided T joint fitting5. The arrangement and connection of the anchor plates l9 correspondswith that hereinabove described.

Referring now to the modified form of my invention illustrated inFigures 5, 6, '7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings, I characterize thesame as a conduit system. Said conduit system is distinguished from thepreviously described jacketed conduit system in that it does not effectthe provision of a jacketed flow-way or area about and along its innerconducting pipe or pipe line, through which heating or cooling mediumsare flowed. To the contrary, my modified improved conduit system isprimarily intended to house and protect a heat insulated inner pipe linewhich, in turn, is supported in and extends longitudinally through thesystem housing or casing line in annularly spaced relation to the innerperiphery thereof and in a manner to provide, between the pipe line andthe housing line, a continuous, uninterrupted and unimpeded flow-way forinternal pressure relief, drainage, etc.

To the above indicated ends, the conduit system, generally, comprises ahousing line consisting of a plurality of casing sections 22 arranged inendwise adjacent relation (see Figure 8) the adjacent ends of the casingsections being flanged at 23 to permit their interconnection, ashereinafter more fully described, and an inner pipe line Q s. consistingof a plurality of endwise adjacent and interconnected inner pipesections 24 movably supported in and disposed longitudinally of andthrough the casing line in spaced relation thereto.

To movably support the inner pipe line (the pipe sections 24) within thecasing sections 22, in annularly spaced relation thereto, I fixedlyengage spacers 14', similar to the heretofore described spacers M, aboutand over said inner pipe line at predetermined intervals throughout itslength. The outer ends or feet of the radially disposed legs of thespacers l4 have movable bearing engagement with adjacent portions of theinner periphery of the casing sections. Consequently, the inner pipeline will be allowed 1ongitudinal movement, in either direction, withrelation to the casing sections, and therefore, will be permitted tocompensate for expansion or contraction thereof, occasioned or caused bythe temperatures and temperature variations of matters flowedtherethrough. Furthermore, when matters (fluids, gases, liquids, etc.)are flowed through the inner pipe line under high pressures, said pipeline will oftentimes be caused to partially rotate or turn on itself orabout its longitudinal axis. At and during such times, the spacers i4connected to the affected portions of the inner pipe line, will bepermitted to correspondingly rotate or turn in the casing line, andthus, will avoid damage to said inner pipe line; moreover, will ensurethe continued support of the pipe line in its aforesaid annularly spacedrelation to the inner peripheral surface of the casing line throughoutthe entire length of the conduit system.

Form sustaining insulation material 25 is engaged entirely about theinner pipe sections 24 in the casing sections 22. The outside diameterof this material 25 is less than the inside diameter of a receivingcasing section 22. Therefore, an annular space or flow-way is effectedbetween the material and the casing section throughout its length,particularly, because of its support from the pipe section 24 which, inturn, is supported throughout its length by the spacer or spacers M,

The form sustaining insulation 25 is extended longitudinally over andabout the inner pipe section into abutting engagement with both sides ofthe spacer or spacers in the casing section 22, as indicated in Figure8, for an obvious purpose.

The lengths of the inner pipe sections 24 are somewhat greater thanthose of the casing sections 22. Therefore, the juxtaposed end portionsof the sections 24, prior to joining or connecting the casing sectionflanges 23, will extend from their respective casing sections 2 2, inthe manner shown in Figure 5 of the drawings, and will be convenientlyand readily accessible whereby, following endwise engagementtherebetween, they can be effectually connected by welding 26, or othersuitable means, in a minimum of time.

Following connection of the inner pipe section ends, at 26, the extendedinsulation-bare end portions of the inner pipe sections 24, are coveredby complementally formed cross-sectional semicircular form sustaininginsulating pieces 21 which are secured thereto and thereabout by bandsor ties 21a, in the manner shown in Figures 6' and 7. The over-alloutside diameter of the pieces 2! corresponds to and is contiguous withthat of the form sustaining insulation 25. Thus, when the jointureflanges 23 are brought into abutting contact by longitudinally movingone or both the casing sections 22, in the proper direction. and a efixedly intercon e ted by bolts 2 passed therethrough, a. continucua. unnterrupted nd unimpeded fl w-war will be effected overand about. thesame.

The continuous, uninterrupted and unimpeded flow-way between theinsulation couered inner pipe line or inner pipe sections. 24; and theinner peripheral surface of the casing line composed O theinterconnected casing sections. 22:, provides an efiectual internalpressure relief or drainage means. For example, should failure of theinnerpipe line. occur and leakage therefrom be per-l mitted, a.destructive, accumulation ofbuilt-up. in-.. ternal pressure within thecasing line will be preev Vented, in that such pressures will be.distributed through the casing line and outletteol therefrom, as;through the use or outlet ways or branches, such as shown in connectionwith. the heretofore described jacketed conduit system and identified bythe numeral l9; Furthermore, should condensation occur within. thecasing line, such condi l satien will be conveyedvia the aforesaidfio-W-. way and outletted: therefrom, by means of suitable outlets, suchfor example as those above identified; by the. numeral it.

As in the. jacketed conduit system heretofore described, the conduitsystem shown in Figures- 5,-,..8; is provided with anchor plates likethose identified by the. reference numeral t9. Saidanchor plates: areengaged over and about the lengths or sections 24 of the inner pipelineatsuitable. and effectiveintervals throughout the over-all length ofthe inner pipe linesay-, at intervals of fromfiftyto upwards of threehundredieet. Theplates I 9 are-welded or otherwise. securely connectedto adjacent portions ofthe. inner pipe sections 253 while their outerportions: are flatly engaged between certain of the adjacent jointureflanges 2%- of-' the casing sections. 22. constituting the housing line,in the sarne manner as shown in Figuresz and 4- of the drawingsillustratingthejacketing conduit system.

Where. the conduit system includes the use of joint fittings, such asshown in Figures 1' and 2 ofthe drawings and identified by the numerals,5; 8: and i for directional disposition thereof, it Will, oi course, beunderstood that anchor plates [19 can be arranged and secured betweensaid; fittings and certain of the adjacent ends of the casing sections22, in that manner shown in. said: figures.

By the-same token, to provide direct relieffor the longitudinalexpansion or contractionmQvement of the inner pipe line, i. e., tocompensate for such movement, suitable types of expansion joints, suchasshown in Figure 2; or other and; well known forms thereof; arepreferably arranged orin-terposed at suitable points therein,

My improved jacketed conduit system and/or conduit system can beconstructed and installed in different waysfor different uses, and fordiff ferent characters ofdirectional, conduction or distribution ofthosematters flowed through either.

In Figure. lof the accompanying drawings, I hang illustrated a jacketedconduit system installation, primarily: intended for usein conducting;fluids, liquids and/orheavyviscous matters hliQ l he ner pipe lineconstituted by the pipe sectigns. Li; and, their various. fittings.Thesystemic equally well Suitable for surface, subtera ranean, marine,0. abcueterrain surfzaceinstalla d n. i er rectional n tallation ofthe.systemrnay, of course, be effected-by suitable ar... ane m nt a d as mby o e e u red umber 10 of jacket sections. 1 and inner pipe sections I1I, plus joint fittings, as above described, and spacers 1.4. and;anchors 1:9,.

The matters. flowed. through the inner pipeline can bemaintainedatpredetermine m er ture desirable or necessary tor their proper iormre: tention o1; portability, as in the casev of viscous matters. by theflowing of a. suitable exchange. me ium (he tin r refrigeratin throughthe. continuous, unimpeded flower-ray between the inner pipe line it andthe jacketv line l1.

With. other types of installations of the jacketed conduit system, thejacket line. can be most ad vantageously used as a. casing or tunnel forthe inner pipeline, whereby to. protect the latter, and also, to providea. definite factor of safety, as; in the event. of'leakage in. the pipeline, in the event. or which the jacket line, receiving such. leakage,will function as a secondary conductor therefor unti l necessary repairsare made.

In. the installation illustrated by Figure 1 con nection between. the,jacketed conduit. system; and supply and/or receiving means may beefiected byconnecting: reducer fittings. 29. to the outer ends of. theadjacent-jackets. I: and extending the pipe sections H. therethroughinto. connection with such means. 3.0;, 31; and 325. If desired, con--trol: valves, such as the one: identified by the ref:- erence numeralv33; can be provided to? the 3X? tended pipe section portions for anobvious. pur

pose. The=conduitsystem shownby Figures 5., 6;, '7; and: 8. of the.drawings is, more. generally, intended for surface, subterranean and/011marine, use, though it is manifest; that itis notalimited to, such.usage. The inner-pipe lines. 2.4 and the housing; or casing lines; 22will, or course, be, arranged and assembled. the manner hereinbefore;(16-- scribed toeffect the desired directional installation, 1. e'., an.installation. such as, shown he; jacketed conduit system installation.byFigure. 1., The conduit. system is primarily intended for theconduction and distribution of highly heated; matters by and throughits; inner pipeline, dur ing which. the temperatures: of these. matters.will; beimaintained. at. the. desired or required degree, Under such.operation conditions, it. is. essential; that heat'losses berkept; at.minimum. Therefore, thesections- 24 of the inner pipe lineare. provided;with the heretofore: described: form sustaining;- heat insulation, 25,andfurthermore, said sections; are supported in. annularly spacedrelation. to the inner peripheral surfaces of; the casing sec-- tionsZQ-through the: spacers Iii which, it willtbe: bornein mind", have onlyminimum supporting contact or engagement with adjacent portions of:their respective pipe line sections through the adjustable jackscrewsi3" (see-Figure 8-).

Because of; the fact that the inner pipe line of the sections 24 andtheir insulation 25- are supportedon the relativespaced spacers; Mwithin the housing line sections 223 in annularly spaced relation to theinner peripheral surfaces t atter, a. onti u us unimpe fl w-way s fieced. betweenlsa d sections 22; and. the. uter per ph ra s r aces. oi.the, inn p pe. sect on. ar-- ried. insulation, 25,. Thisflow-way isalsomaina ne y a be ween the. J nt. fitt s. ofv the 11 constant relieftherefor, i. e., the aforesaid flowway.

As shown in Figure 9 of the drawings, the jacket line I of the jacketedconduit system provides an extremely strong and durable means forhousing the inner pipe line H or sections thereof. Due to the fact thatthe inner pipe line H is supported within the jacket line on theaforesaid relatively spaced spacers [4, it is of importance to here notethat relative inter-bracing of or between the jacket line and the innerpipe line is effected, i. e., the jacket line I will efiectually braceor reinforce the inner pipe line I l, and said inner pipe line ll,because of its disposition in and through the jacket line I, will braceor reinforce it. Consequently, should the jacket line fail or break at apoint between certain of the relatively spaced spacers l4 supporting theinner pipe line H within said casing line, it will be readily seen andappreciated that the inner pipe line will remain supported and willeffectually bridge or span the failing or broken portion of the jacketline or section, indicated at 34. In consequence, whereas failure of thejacket line will occur, a resultant failure of the inner pipe line willbe successfully prevented as between the time of the failure and itsrepair. By the same token, if, for any reason, the inner pipe line H ora section thereof, shall become broken or other- Wise operativelyimpaired, it will be understood that said line will, nevertheless, beadequately supported within the particularly adjacent portion of thejacket line, and furthermore, that said jacket line will ensuremaintenance of the broken or impaired inner pipe line portion insupported position so that the remainder thereof can be movedlongitudinally of the jacket line, to compensate for either expansion orcontraction, or to enable convenient and ready removal of the damagedportions of the inner pipe line for repair or replacement.

Due to the fact that the heretofore described joint fittings 5, 6 and 1of the system jackets or housings are substantially contiguous with suchjackets or housings interconnected thereby, and also, that these jointfittings are preferably constructed of heavy, strong and durablematerial, they will produce, in combination with the jackets orhousings, a highly efficient longitudinally stress resistant unitarystructure. Being securely connected in co-axial alignment to adjacentends of the jacket and/or housing sections making up a line, these jointfittings will actually reinforce such line or lines, in that they willamply resist those longitudinal stresses, in either direction, which maybe expected to and will be imparted thereto from the jacket or housingline per se, and in consequence, will eliminate detrimental ordisastrous joint failures, as well as ensure constant and dependablemaintenance of the all-important continuous flow-way between the jacketand/or housing lines and the inner pipe lines.

It may be here noted that the method of installing and assembling aconduit system embracing my invention is a beneficial, new, useful andmeritorious contribution to and advance in the art. As hereinbeforestated, the lengths of the inner pipe sections are greater than those ofthe casing or jacket sections. In consequence the opposite end of thepipe sections within their respective casing or jacket sections extendoutwardly of and beyond the opposite ends of the latter. Being soextended and exposed, the adjacent end portions of the pipe sections canbe conveniently and readily adjusted or moved to bring their ends intoabutting or meeting relation, following which, such ends can be asadvantageously connected, as by welding (hereinbefore described), orother suitable means.

Following connection of the meeting ends of the exposed and extendedportions of the inner pipe sections, one of the substantially juxtaposedcasing or jacket sections is moved or shifted so as to bring its inneror near end into meeting engagement with the corresponding end of theadjacent casing or jacket section. Thereupon, connection between theflanged ends of said casing or jacket sections, such as heretoforedescribed, or other effectual and satisfactory union is made.

The connections between the inner pipe section ends and the casing orjacket ends, it will be noted upon reference to Figures 2, 5, 6 and 8 ofthe accompanying drawings, are relatively vertically disaligned orstaggered, i. e., the inner end portion of the aforesaid moved orshifted casing or jacket will overlie the connection between the meetingends of the inner pipe sections (see Figures 2 and 8). Being thusrelatively positioned, it will be understood and appreciated that theinner pipe section end and casing or jacket section end connections willafford materially greater strength and resistance to deterioration,rupture or other failure occasioned by applied stresses.

In completing the installation and assembling of my improved conduitsystem, after the connection of the aforedescribed inner pipe end andcasing or jacket end connections, the inner pipes and casings or jacketsof the succeeding sections of the system line are likewise connected anddisposed. During the assembly, as the casing or jacket sections aresucceedingly moved into end meeting engagement (follOWing end connectionof the inner pipe sections) with the immediately preceding ones andconnected thereto, it will be seen and appreciated that the pipe lineconstituted therewithin by the inner pipe sections will progressivelygrow from and out of one end of the casing or jacket section constitutedline. Such an outgrowth of the inner pipe line is, oftentimes highlyadvantageous and desirable, as where entrance and passage of the innerpipe line through a wall is required, or where certain lengths of thepipe line beyond its casing or Jacket line are needed for the connectionand/or installation of devices or appurtenances thereto or therein.

When the form of conduit system shown in Figures 5-8 is installed, Ipractice the above described method of assembly and in addition, effectthe use of the form sustaining insulating material or sleeves 25 in thefollowing described manner.

The inner pipe sections 24 are supported in spaced relation to andwithin their respective casing sections 22, as hereinbefore described,by means of a desired number of relatively spaced spacer supports l4. Itis preferable that in a single length of easing section 22 and on alength of pipe section 24 engaged in and through the former, a pluralityof spacers I 4 shall be employed. One of said spacers is engaged withand locked by its screws IE, to a substantially medial or anintermediate portion of the pipe section. Other spacers M are likewisemounted and connected one on and in proximity to either end of said pipesection. Thus, it will be seen that the pipe section 24 will besupported within and -13 throughout the length or the casing section 22in spaced relation thereto much in the manner shown in Figure 2 of thedrawings.

Such an assembly and supporting of the pipe section it within the casingsection 22 is advantageous in shipping or transporting of the sections,particularly in affording space conservation and incident economies,plus handling facility, etc.

When assembling the insulating conduit, the spacers l4 on the oppositeend portions of the pipe section 24 are removed therefrom. At this timeand with the pipe section supported medially or intermediately of itsends within the pasi'ng section by the remaining spacer I4, a length oflengths of form sustaining insulatin material or sleeves 25 are slidonto and over the pipe section on the opposite sides of said remainingspacer. The inner ends of the thus opposed insulating sleeves 25 areabuttingly engaged with the adjacent sides of the remaining andintermediate spacer (see Figure 8), 'Thereupon, with the outer ends orthe insulating sleeves disposed in proximity to the adjacent ends of thepipe section 24, said sleeves are secured against move- Inehtlongitudinally of said pipe section by reengag-ing the previouslyremoved spacers it" on or over the opposite portions of the pipe sectionand with adjacent ends of the insulating sleeves, and locking the samethereto by their respective screws 18.

As hereinbefore described, where the meeting ends of .pipe sections 24are connected, as indicated at 26, these particular portions may be andpreferably are covered by the :form sustaining insulating pieces orsemi-sleeves 21 secured by ties 21* as shown in Figures 6 and 8.

In instances where the spacers [4' are not engaged with the outer oropposite end portions of a pipe section 24 Within a casing section 22,but where said spacers are positioned somewhat inwardly of the casingsection opposite ends, insulating material pieces or sleeves 25 areengaged over said outer or opposite end portions of the pipe sectionoutwardly of the spacers and abutting the same. The outer ends of thesesleeves terminate substantially at the "adjacent ends of the casingsections, as shown in Figures 5 and -6. The form sustaining insulatingpieces or semi sleeves 2! are then engaged over and about the extendedand connected end portions of the inner pipe sections 24 and secured bythe ties 21 Since the pieces 21 'abuttingly engage the adjacent ends ofthe "adjacent sleeves L25, said sleeves will be prevented from havinglongitudinalshif-ting or sliding movement on the pipe section orsections 2d.

Following the connection of the pipe section ends and their insulation,as described, one of the casing sections 22, is moved longitudinallyintoend contact with the end of the precedingor adjacent casing sectionand connected thereto, while the succeeding casing sections aresimilarly moved and connected as heretofore described.

From the foregoing, it willbe understood and appreciated byindustry'skilled artisans, that systems embracing -my invention will belong lived; that the inner pipe lines of both forms of the system(inclusive of the joint fittings therein) will have a longitudinallycontinuous and unimpede'd flow-way over and about the same; "that theinherent strength 'and stiffn'ess of the jacket and/or housing line willensure its maintenance direction, as when interconnected sections of thepipe line expand or contract during use; that the inner pipe line willbe permitted to rotate or partially rotate, under the urge of hightorsional stresses, within the jacket or housing line without in anymanner detrimentally affecting the spaced supporting or said inner pipeline with relation to said jacket or housing line; that by reason of themounting of the inner pipe line on the spacers l4'l i' Within the jacketor housing line, said inner pipe line or sections thereof can beslidably inserted or removed therefrom, thus facilitating installation,inspection, repair, replacement, etc; that lateral thrust, if and whenapplied to the inner pipe line or portions thereof, will be successfullyresisted and restrained with an ample operational safety margin, bymeans of the hereinbefore described spacers 14-44" received within thejacket or casing line and connected to the inner pipe line, preferably,at points approximately nine feet apart in standard lengths of jacketsor casings, and therefore, damaging lateral distortion of the pipe linewill be prevented and the line will be retained straight and allowedfree to move longitudinally of and within the jacket or casing line;that the anchors or anchor plates l9 are an integral part of the linesystem, requiring no special concrete block or structural metal supportsand allowing the application of insulation material about the pipesections l l2 i of the conduit system, directly up to the anchor plateor plates, thus reducing radiation loss to minimum, and moreover,eliminating the need for manholes at anchoring points in either thejacket or housing lines, and generally, that my improved jacketed orhoused conduit system is an integrated one-a system complete within andentirely self-suflicient to itself.

I claim:

1. A conduit system comprising lengths of interconnected one piececylindrical casing and pipe sections in end to end relation, spacingmeans secured to and movable with said interconnected pipe sections andlongitudinally slidably and rotatably supporting the same .insubstantially uniformly spaced relation to the inner sides of the wallsof said casing sections with said spacing means being slid-able alongsaid inner sides, and form sustaining insulation arranged about saidinterconnected pipe sections and movable therewith and having'theoutersurface thereof arranged in spaced relation to said inner sides ofsaid interconnected casing sections whereby a continuous .free space isprovided between said casing sections and insulation throughout theentire lengths of said casingand pipe sections, said interconnected pipesections, spacing means and insulation being longitudinally receivablein and removable from said interconnected casing sections as a'unitaryassemb y.

2. A conduit system comprising lengths of interconnected substantiallyinflexible one .piece cylindrical'casing and pipe sections in end'to endfluid tight relation, longitudinally spaced support means arrangedcircumferentially about and connected to said interconnected pipesections having outer portions extending toward and slidable along theinner sides of said casing sections to longitudinally slidably androtatably support said pipe sections in spaced relation within saidinterconnected casing sections, and form sustaining insulation supportedon and arranged about said interconnected pipe sections and movabletherewith and having the outer surface thereof in spaced relation tosaid inner sides of said casing sections substantially throughout thelengths of the same whereby a continuous free space is provided betweensaid casing sections and insulation throughout the entire lengths ofsaid casing and pipe sections, said interconnected pipe sections,support means and insulation being longitudinally movable in eitherdirection and being longitudinally receivable in and removable from saidinterconnected casing sections as a unitary assembly.

3. A conduit system including lengths of one piece cylindrical casingsand pipes received in and longitudinally of the same in spaced relationthereto, connecting means securing said casings and pipes in end to endfluid tight relation, means secured to and movable with said pipes andslidable along the inner surfaces of said casings for supporting theformer within the latter in spaced relation, and form sustaininginsulation about and movable with said pipes having its outer surfacespaced from said inner surfaces of said casings whereby a continuousfree space is provided between said casings and insulation throughoutthe entire length of said casings and pipes, said pipes, supportingmeans and insulation being longitudinally receivable in and removablefrom said interconnected casing as a unitary assembly.

4. A conduit system including lengths of one piece cylindrical casingsand pipes received in and longitudinally of the same in spaced relationthereto, connecting means securing said casings and pipes in end to endfluid tight relation, means secured to and movable with said pipes andslidable along the inner surfaces of said casings for supporting theformer within the latter in spaced relation, form sustaining insulationabout and movable with said pipes having its outer surface spaced fromsaid inner surfaces of said casings whereby a continuous free space isprovided between said casings and insulation throughout the entirelength of said casings and pipes, and anchoring means about andconnected to portions of said pipes at intervals throughout theirlengths with the outer portions connected to adjacent portions of saidcasings to transmit stresses from said pipes to said casings andconversely, said pipes, supporting means and insulation beinglongitudinally receivable in and removable from said interconnectedcasings as a unitary assembly when said anchoring means is disconnectedfrom said pipes.

5. A conduit system including lengths of casings in endwise relation, aninner pipe line within and extending through said lengths of casings,connecting means securing said casings in end to end fluid tightrelation, means secured to and movable with said inner pipe line andslidable along the inner surfaces of said casings for slidablysupporting the former within the latter in spaced relation, the spacingof said pipe line from said casings constituting a flow-way therebetweencontinuously between the lengths of casings and pipe line, and sectionaljoint fittings connected to adjacent spaced ends of said casings theinteriors of which substantially correspond to the internal areas ofsaid casings and are contiguous therewith and radially spaced from saidpipe line to continue said flow-Way therethrough.

6. In a conduit, coaxial pipe sections arranged one inside another, andan elbow coupling on one end of one section having a pipe sectionextending into the same through one side thereof and connected to oneend of another pipe section.

7. A conduit system for fluid transportation comprising, in combination,a plurality of endwise abutting one piece cylindrical casing sections ofuniform length, a plurality of endwise abutting pipe sections of uniformlength within said casing sections, each pipe section being longer thana casing section, coupling means interconnecting the abutting ends ofsaid casing sections and of said pipe sections in fluid tight relation,and guide means secured in spaced apart relation along and movable withsaid pipe sections and slidable along the inner surface of said casingsections to hold said interconnected pipe sections in spaced relation tosaid interconnected casing sections thereby providing a flow-waytherebetween continuously around and throughout said interconnectedlengths of said sections and slidably mounting said pipe sectionsrelative to said casing sections.

8. A conduit system for fluid transportation comprising, in combination,a plurality of endwise abutting one piece cylindrical casing sections ofuniform length, a plurality of endwise abutting pipe sections of uniformlength within said casing sections, each pipe section being longer thana casing section, coupling means interconnecting the abutting ends ofsaid casing sections and of said pipe sections in fluid tight relation,guide means secured in spaced apart relation along and movable with saidpipe sections and slidable along the inner surfaces of said casingsections to hold said interconnected pipe sections in spaced relation tosaid interconnected casing sections thereby providing a flow-waytherebetween continuously around and throughout said interconnectedlengths of said sections and slidably mounting said pipe sectionsrelative to said casing sections, and a layer of insulation surroundingsaid interconnected pipe sections and movable therewith and having theouter surface thereof spaced from the inner surface of saidinterconnected casing sections whereby said flow-way reduced incrosssectional area is maintained.

9. A conduit system for fluid transportation comprising, in combination,a plurality of endwise abutting one piece cylindrical casing sec tionsof uniform length, a plurality of endwise abutting pipe sections ofuniform length within said casing sections, each pipe section beinglonger than a casing section, coupling means interconnecting theabutting ends of said casing sections and of said pipe sections in fluidtight relation, guide means secured in spaced apart relation along andmovable with said pipe sections and slidable along the inner surfaces ofsaid casing sections to hold said interconnected pipe sections in spacedrelation to said interconnected casing sections thereby providing aflow-way therebetween continuously around and throughout saidinterconnected lengths of said sections and slidably mounting said pipesections relative to said casing sections, a layer of insulationsurrounding each pipe section and having a length about equal to thelength of an outer casing section, and a layer of insulation around theend portions of said pipe sections not covered by the first mentionedlayer of insulation, the outer surfaces of said layers of insulationbeing spaced from the inner surface of said interconnected casingsections whereby said flow-way reduced in cross sectional area ismaintained.

10. A unit for use in making up a conduit system for fluidtransportation comprising, in combination, a one piece cylindricalcasing having a uniform internal diameter throughout the major portionof its length, a fluid conducting pipe within and longer than saidcasing whereby the ends of the former project beyond the ends of thelatter, guide means intermediate the ends of said casing and secured tosaid pip and slidable along the inner surface of said casing to holdsaid pipe in spaced relation to said casing thereby providing an annularflow-Way therebetween and slidably mounting said pipe within saidcasing, and a layer of insulation around said pipe and extending to theends of said casing leaving the ends of said pipe bare, the outersurface of said layer of insulation being spaced from the inner surfaceof said casing whereby said flow-way reduced in cross sectional area ismaintained.

11. A unit for use in making up a conduit system for fluidtransportation comprising, in combination, a one piece cylindricalmetallic casin having a uniform internal diameter throughout the majorportion of its length and capable of withstanding substantiallongitudinal tension and compression stresses with the ends arranged tobe placed in abutting relation and joined in fluid tight relation tolike ends of like casings, a fluid conducting pip within and longer thansaid casing whereby the ends of the former project beyond the ends ofthe latter, guide means intermediate the ends of said casing and securedto said pipe and slidable along the inner surfac of said casing to holdsaid pipe in spaced relation to said casing thereby providing an annularflowway therebetween and slidably mounting said pipe within said casing,and a layer of insulation around said pipe and extending to the ends ofsaid casing leaving the ends of said pipe bare, the outer surface ofsaid layer of insulation being spaced from the inner surface of saidcasing whereby said flow-way reduced in cross sectional area ismaintained.

12. A conduit system comprising lengths of interconnected on piececylindrical casing and pipe sections in end to end relation, spacingmeans secured to and movable with said interconnected pipe sections andlongitudinally slidably and rotatably supporting the same insubstantially uniformly spaced relation to the inner sides of the wallsof said casing sections with said spacing means being slidable alongsaid inner sides, and conduit means connected to cer- 18 tain of saidcasings and communicating with the space between the same and said pipefor circulating therethrough a heat transfer medium.

13. A conduit system comprising lengths of interconnected one piececylindrical casing and pipe sections in end to end relation, spacingmeans secured to and movable with said interconnected pipe sections andlongitudinally slidably and rotatably supporting the same insubstantially uniformly spaced relation to the inner sides of the wallsof said casing sections with said spacing means being slidable alongsaid inner sides, the space between said casing and pipe sectionsconstituting a flow-way therebetween continuously throughout theinterconnected lengths of casing and pipe sections, and an anchor platesecured only to one of said pipe sections in a run of several pipesections and extending radially outwardly therefrom between juxtaposedcasing sections for limiting the movement of said one pipe sectionrelative to said juxtaposed casing sections and transmitting to thelatter longitudinal mechanical stresses developed in the pipe sectionson either side of said anchor plate.

14. A conduit system for fluid transportation comprising, incombination, lengths of fluid tight interconnected casings and pipes,and guide means secured to said interconnected pipes at intervalstherealong for spacing the same from said casings; each guide meansincluding a collar-like body spaced from the pip associated therewith, aplurality of studs extending radially inwardly from said body andgripping at their inner ends the outer surface of said pipe wherebythere is a minimum of heat transfer therewith, and a plurality of legsextending radially outwardly from said body having feet at their outerends arranged to engage slidably the inner surface of the casingassociated therewith; said interconnected pipes and guide means beingcollectively and longitudinally receivable in and removable from saidinterconnected casings.

EDWARD W. KAISER.

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